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![]() ![]() Precursors The Romantic composers Frédéric Chopin and Franz Liszt used the special "thinned out" sound of fourth-chords in late works for piano ( La lugubre gondola, shown below, and other works). Jazz and rock of the 1960s frequently used quartal harmony. The 3,6,9 chord sometimes used as a final. Quartal harmony was developed in the early 20th century as a result of this breakdown and reevaluation of tonality. It is used in jazz and musicians who promote quartal harmony will claim that they produce a unique and modern sound. In the later 19th century, during the breakdown of tonality in Classical music, all intervallic relationships were once again reassessed. During the Common practice period (between about 16), this interval came to be heard either as a dissonance (when appearing as a suspension requiring resolution in the voice leading) or as a consonance (when the tonic of the chord appears in parts higher than the fifth of the chord). ![]() In the Middle Ages, simultaneous notes a fourth apart were heard as a consonance. Jazz guitarists cited as using chord voicings using quartal harmony include Johnny Smith, Tal Farlow, Chuck Wayne, Barney Kessel, Joe Pass, Jimmy Raney, Wes Montgomery, however all in a traditional manner, as major 9th, 13th and minor 11th chords (Floyd 2004, 4) (an octave and fourth equals an 11th). We have already learned in previous topics that chords are formed from intervals of thirds. Basically, the idea is to build chords using intervals of fourths instead of intervals of thirds. Some composers who have featured quartal or quintal harmonies in their work include Arnold Schoenberg, Béla Bartók, and Steve Reich. / Quartal harmony, as the name implies, refers to intervals of fourths. Parallel developments in both vocal and instrumental music, occurred in the traditional music of many non-western cultures. The issue is that harmonic identity of some of these chords is not so well defined (so one could discuss about chord symbols you chose, or depending on context interpret them differently). ![]()
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